Editorial: The Neural Systems of Fairness, Retaliation, and Aggression

"Not fair!" is a call to action regularly heard by parents and mental health professionals. It is well known that a person's perception of fairness might provoke them to anger and aggression.¹ Beyond common experience, all sorts of experiments involving people's responses to rigged, interactive games have proved the point. Indeed, it is not just people; de Waal² charmed the world with a TED talk in which monkeys took umbrage and aggressed in response to unfairness. Knowing this, Mathur et al.³ used unfairness and retaliation to illuminate the complex neural circuity of aggression in adolescents.