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Related Concept Videos

LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

17.7K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Capsid flexibility during Ty1 virus-like particle assembly.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
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Co-expression of a retrotransposon and re-targeted restriction factor impairs yeast growth.

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Probing the molecular determinants of Ty1 retrotransposon restriction specificity in yeast.

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Horizontal Transfer and Recombination Fuel Ty4 Retrotransposon Evolution in Saccharomyces.

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Evolution of a Restriction Factor by Domestication of a Yeast Retrotransposon.

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Horizontal transfer and recombination fuel Ty4 retrotransposon evolution in <i>Saccharomyces</i>.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 7, 2025

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

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An interchangeable prion-like domain is required for Ty1 retrotransposition.

Sean L Beckwith1, Emily J Nomberg1, Abigail C Newman1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|March 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary

The Ty1 retrotransposon Gag protein contains a novel prion-like domain (PrLD) essential for virus-like particle assembly and transposition. This domain can be functionally replaced by other prion sequences, creating a versatile system for studying protein aggregation in vivo.

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Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs
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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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Streamlined Single Cell TCR Isolation and Generation of Retroviral Vectors for In Vitro and In Vivo Expression of Human TCRs
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Retrotransposons, such as Ty1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are mobile genetic elements that influence genome evolution.
  • The assembly of Ty1 virus-like particles (VLPs) occurs in cytosolic foci called retrosomes, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • The Ty1 Gag protein is a key component of VLPs and retrosomes, but its assembly determinants are largely unknown.

Conclusions:

  • The Ty1 PrLD is a critical determinant for Ty1 retrotransposon assembly and mobilization.
  • The Ty1 system provides a powerful in vivo platform for studying the role of prion-like domains in mobile element biology.
  • These findings suggest that prion-like domains may be more broadly involved in the biology of mobile genetic elements.