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Frequency of essential elements in required advanced pharmacy practice experiences (FEER - APPE).

Adam B Woolley1, Brett Feret2, Michael J Gonyeau1

  • 1Northeastern University, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA, United States.

Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning
|March 13, 2023
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Summary

Pharmacy students reported minimal changes in essential elements (EE) achievement during disrupted advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs). Community pharmacy APPEs showed the greatest change, likely due to reduced direct patient interaction during hybrid and remote learning.

Keywords:
APPEEssential elementsFrequencyPharmacy student

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Education
  • Experiential Learning
  • Healthcare Professional Training

Background:

  • Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs) are crucial for developing essential elements (EE) in pharmacy students.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated shifts in APPE delivery, impacting traditional in-person learning modalities.
  • Understanding the effect of these delivery changes on EE achievement is vital for curriculum adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate student-reported achievement of EE across three required APPEs.
  • To identify differences in EE frequency based on standard versus disrupted delivery modalities.
  • To compare EE achievement across different pharmacy programs.

Main Methods:

  • Student self-assessment inventories were used to record EE exposure and completion.
  • Data were collected from acute care, ambulatory care, and community pharmacy APPEs between May 2018 and December 2020.
  • Frequencies of EE were compared between standard (in-person) and disrupted (hybrid/remote) delivery formats.

Main Results:

  • A total of 2191 evaluations (97%) were completed.
  • Acute care APPEs showed significant changes in evidence-based medicine EE frequency.
  • Ambulatory care APPEs reported a decrease in pharmacist patient care EE, while community pharmacy APPEs saw decreases in most EE categories.
  • Significant inter-program differences in EE achievement were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Disrupted APPE delivery modalities resulted in minimal overall changes in EE completion.
  • Community pharmacy APPEs were most affected, likely due to reduced direct patient contact.
  • Ambulatory care APPEs were less impacted, possibly due to the integration of telehealth.