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Related Concept Videos

Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

17.7K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
17.7K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

81
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

59
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Updated: Aug 6, 2025

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
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Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

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Pseudotyped Viruses for Retroviruses.

Magan Solomon1,2, Chen Liang3,4

  • 1Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill Centre for Viral Diseases, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retroviral vectors, crucial for gene therapy, offer stable gene integration into host genomes. These versatile tools are widely used in research and clinical trials for gene delivery and therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
Gene therapyGenome integrationPseudotyped virusRetroviral vectorRetrovirus

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Retroviruses possess unique genomic and replication features.
  • These features have been leveraged for developing advanced viral vectors.
  • Retroviral vectors are essential tools in modern biological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the critical aspects of retroviral genomes and replication cycles.
  • To outline commonly used retrovirus-based vector systems.
  • To review the research and clinical applications of retroviral vectors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of retroviral genome structure and replication mechanisms.
  • Analysis of different retroviral vector systems.
  • Compilation of current research and clinical trial data.

Main Results:

  • Retroviral vectors facilitate stable integration of genes into host DNA.
  • They enable transduction of both dividing and non-dividing cells.
  • Retroviral vectors can accommodate relatively large gene inserts.

Conclusions:

  • Retroviral vectors are indispensable for gene delivery and gene therapy.
  • Their unique properties support diverse applications in research and clinical settings.
  • Continued development of retroviral vectors holds significant promise for future therapeutics.