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Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety
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Changes in Sociability and Preference for Social Novelty in Female Rats in Prolonged Social Isolation.

S D Shirenova1, N N Khlebnikova1, N A Krupina1

  • 1Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia.

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology
|March 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Prolonged social isolation (SI) in female rats initially increased sociability but later led to social deficits and reduced preference for social novelty. Stress coping strategies appear to change with isolation duration.

Keywords:
aggressionanxietycoping strategiesfemale ratsmotor and exploratory activitypreference for social noveltysociabilitysocial isolationstress

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior
  • Stress Research

Background:

  • Chronic stress from social isolation (SI) negatively impacts emotional, cognitive, and social behaviors in humans and animals.
  • Limited research exists on the long-term effects of social isolation, particularly in female animal models.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for developing interventions for stress-related disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of prolonged social isolation on sociability and social novelty preference in female Wistar rats.
  • To assess behavioral changes at different time points during extended social isolation starting from adolescence.
  • To explore potential alterations in stress coping mechanisms associated with social isolation duration.

Main Methods:

  • Female Wistar rats underwent prolonged social isolation starting in adolescence.
  • Sociability and social novelty were assessed using a three-chamber social test at 2 and 8.5 months of isolation.
  • Behavioral tests included social interaction and the elevated plus maze to evaluate social behavior, anxiety, and exploratory activity.

Main Results:

  • After 2 months of SI, rats showed increased sociability but decreased preference for social novelty, alongside increased social contact duration (including aggression) and reduced exploratory activity.
  • Following 8.5 months of SI, rats exhibited social deficits and a significant decrease in social novelty preference, with no increased aggressiveness observed.
  • Behavioral changes indicated a duration-dependent impact of social isolation on social behavior and stress responses.

Conclusions:

  • The duration of social isolation significantly influences social behavior and stress responses in female rats.
  • Early stages of prolonged SI may increase sociability, while extended isolation leads to social deficits and altered novelty seeking.
  • Findings suggest a shift in coping strategies with increasing duration of social isolation, highlighting the complex sequelae of chronic stress.