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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2025

Development of a Nose-only Inhalation Toxicity Test Chamber That Provides Four Exposure Concentrations of Nano-sized Particles

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Performance of Continuous Emission Monitoring Solutions under a Single-Blind Controlled Testing Protocol.

Clay Bell^1,2, Chiemezie Ilonze³, Aidan Duggan¹

¹Energy Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524, United States.

Environmental Science & Technology

|March 28, 2023

Summary

Continuous emission monitoring (CM) solutions show promise for detecting methane leaks but exhibit high uncertainty. Performance varies significantly, requiring thorough understanding before regulatory use.

Keywords:

Methane detection limit emissions mitigation emissions quantification natural gas source attribution

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Atmospheric Chemistry
Engineering

Background:

Fugitive methane emissions from natural gas infrastructure are a significant concern.
Continuous emission monitoring (CM) offers a potential improvement over traditional leak detection methods.
Accurate quantification is crucial for measurement-based emissions inventories.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the performance of various continuous emission monitoring (CM) solutions for detecting and quantifying methane (CH4) releases.
To assess the probability of detection (POD), false positive rates, and quantification accuracy under controlled conditions.
To understand the variability in performance among different CM technologies.

Main Methods:

Single-blind testing of eleven CM solutions at a controlled release facility.
Simulated methane releases ranging from 0.4 to 6400 g CH4/h.
Analysis of detection probability, false positive rates, and emission rate estimation accuracy.

Main Results:

A 90% probability of detection (POD) was observed between 3-30 kg CH4/h, with 6 solutions achieving POD < 6 kg CH4/h, but high uncertainty.
False positive rates varied widely (0-79%), and only 4 solutions had true positive rates > 50%.
Emission rate quantification showed significant variability, with mean relative errors ranging from -44% to +586% at lower rates and -40% to +93% at higher rates.

Conclusions:

Significant performance variability exists among continuous emission monitoring (CM) solutions for methane detection and quantification.
High uncertainty in detection, detection limits, and quantification necessitates a thorough understanding of individual CM solution performance.
Careful evaluation is required before relying on CM data for emissions mitigation or regulatory reporting.