Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Presenting as Occlusive Retinal Vasculitis.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Rheumatology
• Pathology

Background:

• Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare autoimmune vasculitis.
• Ocular manifestations can be the initial presentation of GPA.

Observation:

• A 60-year-old woman with autoimmune history presented with bilateral red eyes and blurry vision.
• Examination revealed anterior uveitis and retinal vasculitis, progressing to vision loss and retinal ischemia despite initial treatment.

Findings:

• Cytoplasmic-staining antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (c-ANCA) were detected.
• Renal biopsy confirmed GPA diagnosis.
• Ocular findings included anterior uveitis, occlusive retinal vasculitis, cystoid macular edema, and global retinal ischemia.

Implications:

• Highlights the importance of considering GPA in patients with unexplained uveitis and vasculitis.
• Emphasizes the need for prompt diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists and rheumatologists for effective GPA management.