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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Updated: Aug 4, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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A LaCl3-based lithium superionic conductor compatible with lithium metal.

Yi-Chen Yin1,2,3, Jing-Tian Yang2, Jin-Da Luo2

  • 1Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.

Nature
|April 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new lanthanum chloride-based solid electrolyte for safer, high-performance lithium metal batteries. This advanced material shows excellent stability and compatibility with lithium metal, overcoming previous limitations in battery technology.

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Inorganic superionic conductors offer high ionic conductivity and thermal stability.
  • Poor interfacial compatibility with lithium metal anodes hinders their use in solid-state lithium metal batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a LaCl3-based lithium superionic conductor with improved interfacial compatibility for lithium metal anodes.
  • To investigate the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of the new electrolyte.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized a UCl3-type LaCl3 lattice doped with Ta to create vacancies.
  • Investigated Li+ conduction pathways and electrochemical properties.
  • Fabricated and tested Li-Li symmetric cells and full solid-state batteries.

Main Results:

  • The optimized Li0.388Ta0.238La0.475Cl3 electrolyte exhibits high Li+ conductivity (3.02 mS cm-1 at 30°C) and low activation energy (0.197 eV).
  • Demonstrated excellent interfacial compatibility with Li metal, forming a gradient passivation layer.
  • Achieved stable cycling in Li-Li symmetric cells for over 5,000 hours and in a full solid-state battery for over 100 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The LaCl3-based electrolyte offers a promising solution for stable solid-state lithium metal batteries.
  • The UCl3-type structure and Ta doping facilitate a 3D Li+ migration network.
  • Lanthanide metal chlorides show potential for further advancements in solid electrolyte development.