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Updated: Aug 2, 2025
Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody
Published on: May 16, 2020
Antibody drug conjugates as targeted cancer therapy: past development, present challenges and future opportunities
Ritwik Maiti1, Bhumika Patel2, Nrupesh Patel3
1Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India.
Abstract:
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising cancer therapeutics with minimal toxicity as compared to small cytotoxic molecules alone and have shown the evidence to overcome resistance against tumor and prevent relapse of cancer. The ADC has a potential to change the paradigm of cancer chemotherapeutic treatment. At present, 13 ADCs have been approved by USFDA for the treatment of various types of solid tumor and haematological malignancies. This review covers the three structural components of an ADC-antibody, linker, and cytotoxic payload-along with their respective structure, chemistry, mechanism of action, and influence on the activity of ADCs. It covers comprehensive insight on structural role of linker towards efficacy, stability & toxicity of ADCs, different types of linkers & various conjugation techniques. A brief overview of various analytical techniques used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of ADC is summarized. The current challenges of ADCs, such as heterogeneity, bystander effect, protein aggregation, inefficient internalization or poor penetration into tumor cells, narrow therapeutic index, emergence of resistance, etc., are outlined along with recent advances and future opportunities for the development of more promising next-generation ADCs.
Insights
Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) offer targeted cancer therapy with reduced toxicity. This review details ADC components, challenges, and future directions for improved cancer treatment.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a significant advancement in cancer chemotherapy.
- ADCs exhibit lower toxicity compared to traditional cytotoxic agents and can overcome tumor resistance.
- Thirteen ADCs are currently approved by the USFDA for treating solid tumors and hematological malignancies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the structural components of ADCs: antibody, linker, and cytotoxic payload.
- To analyze the chemistry, mechanism of action, and influence of these components on ADC activity.
- To discuss linker's role in efficacy, stability, and toxicity, conjugation techniques, and analytical methods.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of ADC components and their functions.
- Analysis of linker chemistry, conjugation strategies, and their impact on ADC performance.
- Summary of analytical techniques for ADC characterization.
Main Results:
- Detailed insights into the structure-activity relationships of ADC components.
- Exploration of various linker types and conjugation methods.
- Overview of analytical approaches for ADC quality control.
Conclusions:
- ADCs have the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment paradigms.
- Current challenges include heterogeneity, bystander effects, and resistance.
- Future opportunities lie in developing next-generation ADCs with enhanced efficacy and safety profiles.
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