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Updated: Jul 31, 2025

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
Published on: March 22, 2019
Transparent organic upconversion devices displaying high-resolution, single-pixel, low-power infrared images
Chun-Jen Shih1,2, Yu-Ching Huang2,3, Tai-Yung Wang2,3
1Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Abstract:
Crystalline photodiodes remain the most viable infrared sensing technology of choice, yet the opacity and the limitation in pixel size reduction per se restrict their development for supporting high-resolution in situ infrared images. In this work, we propose an all-organic non-fullerene-based upconversion device that brings invisible infrared signal into human vision via exciplex cohost light-emissive system. The device reaches an infrared-to-visible upconversion efficiency of 12.56% by resolving the 940-nm infrared signal (power density of 103.8 μW cm-2). We tailor a semitransparent (AVT, ~60%), large-area (10.35 cm2), lightweight (22.91 g), single-pixel upconversion panel to visualize the infrared power density down to 0.75 μW cm2, inferring a bias-switching linear dynamic range approaching 80 dB. We also demonstrate the possibility of visualizing low-intensity infrared signals from the Face ID and LiDAR, which should fill the gap in the existing technology based on pixelated complementary metal-oxide semiconductors with optical lenses.
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