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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

49
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
49
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

42
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
42
Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

29
A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
29
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

47
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
47
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

41
Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
41
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

56
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
56

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OPTN/SRTR 2021 Annual Data Report: Kidney.

Krista L Lentine1, Jodi M Smith2, Jonathan M Miller3

  • 1Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN; Saint Louis University Center for Abdominal Transplantation, SSM-Saint Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, MO.

American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons
|May 3, 2023
PubMed
Summary

In 2021, kidney transplants reached a record high, yet disparities in organ access and utilization persisted. Efforts to improve kidney transplant outcomes continue amidst ongoing challenges.

Keywords:
Kidney transplanttransplant outcomeswaiting list outcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • 2021 saw record kidney transplant numbers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and evolving organ distribution policies.
  • Despite increased deceased donor transplants, candidate waitlists and pretransplant mortality disparities remain concerns.
  • Significant challenges include organ nonuse, delayed graft function, and persistent inequities in living donor kidney transplant access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze key trends and outcomes in kidney transplantation for 2021.
  • To identify successes, challenges, and disparities in deceased and living donor kidney transplantation.
  • To evaluate graft survival rates and pediatric kidney transplant trends.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of national kidney transplant data from 2021.
  • Examination of organ utilization rates, including nonuse of deceased donor kidneys.
  • Assessment of pretransplant mortality, graft survival, and pediatric transplant trends.

Main Results:

  • A record 25,487 kidney transplants were performed, driven by deceased donors.
  • Organ nonuse rates increased, particularly for older donors and high KDPI kidneys.
  • Pretransplant mortality declined for some racial groups, but disparities persist, especially for non-metropolitan residents and non-White patients.
  • Delayed graft function affected 24% of adult transplants.
  • Five-year graft survival was superior for living donor transplants across age groups.
  • Pediatric kidney transplants reached their highest number since 2010, but living donor rates remain low with racial disparities.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney transplantation achieved record volume in 2021, but significant disparities in access, organ utilization, and outcomes persist.
  • Addressing organ nonuse, improving equity in living donor transplants, and reducing delayed graft function are critical.
  • Continued monitoring and targeted interventions are necessary to optimize kidney transplant care for all populations.