Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chunking01:12

Chunking

152
Chunking is a powerful cognitive technique that improves short-term memory retention by organizing information into smaller, more manageable units. The brain, limited by working memory capacity, can more easily process and store information when it is divided into "chunks" rather than presented as discrete, unrelated elements. Chunking is especially useful when dealing with large amounts of information, such as numerical sequences, words, or complex ideas.
The principle behind chunking...
152
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

256
Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
256
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

459
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
459
Probability in Statistics01:14

Probability in Statistics

13.6K
Probability is the likelihood of an event occurring. The term event is defined as a collection of results of a procedure. An event is a simple event when an outcome cannot be divided into simpler parts.
An example of a simple event is a coin toss. The result of a coin toss is either a head or a tail. Here, head and tail are two simple events. These two simple events make up the sample space. Further, the probability of an event occurring falls within the range of 0 to 1. The probability of an...
13.6K
Probability Distributions01:32

Probability Distributions

7.3K
 The probability of a random variable x  is the likelihood of its occurrence. A probability distribution represents the probabilities of a random variable using a formula, graph, or table. There are two types of probability distribution– discrete probability distribution and continuous probability distribution.
A discrete probability distribution is a probability distribution of discrete random variables. It can be categorized into binomial probability distribution and Poisson...
7.3K
Statistical Significance01:50

Statistical Significance

20.2K
Once data is collected from both the experimental and the control groups, a statistical analysis is conducted to find out if there are meaningful differences between the two groups. A statistical analysis determines how likely any difference found is due to chance (and thus not meaningful). In psychology, group differences are considered meaningful, or significant, if the odds that these differences occurred by chance alone are 5 percent or less. Stated another way, if we repeated this...
20.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Intact behavioral but atypical neural correlates of visual statistical learning in adults with developmental dyslexia.

Acta psychologica·2026
Same author

Addressing the theory crisis in statistical learning research.

NPJ science of learning·2025
Same author

Probing sensitivity to statistical structure in rapid sound sequences using deviant detection tasks.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2025
Same author

Analyzing the Impact of Four Cognitive Constructs on Nonverbal Intelligence Test Performance: Implications for Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Language, speech, and hearing services in schools·2025
Same author

Learning in the face of failure: The benefit of autistic traits.

British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)·2025
Same author

When Gestures Do or Do Not Follow Language-Specific Patterns of Motion Expression in Speech: Evidence from Chinese, English and Turkish.

Cognitive science·2023
Same journal

Pronoun Resolution in Turkish: The Interplay of Referential Form, Word Order, and Implicit Causality.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

What's in a Color?: Language, Synesthesia, and Categorical Perception.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Reasoning Beyond Explicit Rules: Adults' and Children's Use of Closure Principles in Novel Cases.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Intermediary Object States Are Activated by Sentences Describing Completed Events.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Large Language Models Estimate Fine-Grained Human Color-Concept Associations.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Computational Models of Causal Reasoning: Bayesian Accounts of Normative Violations.

Cognitive science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
08:05

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

7.6K

Chunking Versus Transitional Probabilities: Differentiating Between Theories of Statistical Learning.

Samantha N Emerson1,2, Christopher M Conway1

  • 1Center for Childhood Deafness, Language, & Learning, Boys Town National Research Hospital.

Cognitive Science
|May 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Statistical learning in sequences is explained by two theories: transitional probability and chunking. This study supports the chunking approach, showing that learning full units hinders processing of subunits in visual sequences.

Keywords:
Online measuresPARSERReaction timesSequential learningStatistical learningTRACX

More Related Videos

RBDT: A Computerized Task System based in Transposition for the Continuous Analysis of Relational Behavior Dynamics in Humans
11:09

RBDT: A Computerized Task System based in Transposition for the Continuous Analysis of Relational Behavior Dynamics in Humans

Published on: July 17, 2021

3.1K
Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
08:05

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques

Published on: June 30, 2020

7.6K
RBDT: A Computerized Task System based in Transposition for the Continuous Analysis of Relational Behavior Dynamics in Humans
11:09

RBDT: A Computerized Task System based in Transposition for the Continuous Analysis of Relational Behavior Dynamics in Humans

Published on: July 17, 2021

3.1K
Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Statistical learning extracts patterns from sequential data.
  • Two main theories exist: transitional probability and chunking.
  • Previous research often used limited tasks, favoring chunking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare transitional probability and chunking in visual statistical learning.
  • To use sensitive online and offline tasks to assess learning.
  • To test predictions of the TRACX model.

Main Methods:

  • Pre-registered experiment with sequentially organized visual stimuli.
  • Online self-paced task to measure processing efficiency.
  • Offline familiarity judgment task to assess representation flexibility.
  • Abstract shapes organized into triplets (ABC), with altered triplets (BCA) disrupting full units but preserving subunits (BC).

Main Results:

  • Altered triplets were perceived as highly familiar, indicating flexible representations.
  • Online task showed processing of subunits (BC) was impeded in altered triplets.
  • Processing of unit-initial stimuli was not impeded.
  • Results align with the chunking approach, specifically the TRACX model.

Conclusions:

  • The chunking approach, particularly the TRACX model, better explains statistical learning from visual sequences.
  • Learning full units can inhibit the processing of their constituent subunits.
  • Sensitive tasks reveal nuanced aspects of statistical learning.