Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

655
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
655
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

164
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
164
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

691
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
691
Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

82
Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
82
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake01:21

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

1.1K
Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
1.1K
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis01:29

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

1.4K
Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Comparison of amide proton transfer imaging and methionine PET for differentiating radiation necrosis and tumor recurrence after radiotherapy: A preliminary case series.

Radiology case reportsยท2026
Same author

Localized Subarachnoid Purulence Mimicking Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report.

Cureusยท2026
Same author

Choice of Treatment Modality and Validity of Direct Surgery for Complex Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery-Related Aneurysms.

Journal of clinical medicineยท2025
Same author

Cerebrospinal Fluid Refill Test.

World neurosurgeryยท2025
Same author

Characteristics of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus for whom neurosurgeons hesitate to perform shunt surgery: a nationwide hospital-based survey in Japan.

Fluids and barriers of the CNSยท2025
Same author

Non-Saccular Aneurysm Shape as a Poor Prognostic Factor in Younger Patients with Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Journal of clinical medicineยท2025
Same journal

[Neuropathological Autopsies in Japan: Current Scenario and Challenges].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpoยท2026
Same journal

[Telemedicine and Digital Technologies in Neurological Intractable Diseases].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpoยท2026
Same journal

[Disaster Countermeasures for Intractable Neurological Disease].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpoยท2026
Same journal

[Supporting Health Care Transition for Patients with Childhood-Onset Chronic Conditions: Within Intractable Disease Care in Japan].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpoยท2026
Same journal

[Multidisciplinary Collaboration between Hospitals and Clinics at the University Hospital and the Core Hospital for the Treatment of Intractable Diseases].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpoยท2026
Same journal

[The Role of Coordinators for Intractable Diseases in Japan].

Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpoยท2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System
14:55

Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System

Published on: May 12, 2013

60.5K

[Drugs under Development (Neurosurgery)].

Tetsuya Ueba1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Kochi Medical School.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|May 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two novel cell and gene therapies, Delytact and Stemirac, are now approved clinical treatments in Japan. Delytact targets malignant brain tumors, while Stemirac addresses spinal cord injuries.

More Related Videos

Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models
11:51

Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models

Published on: August 16, 2010

30.7K
Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
06:44

Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 7, 2020

7.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 30, 2025

Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System
14:55

Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System

Published on: May 12, 2013

60.5K
Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models
11:51

Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models

Published on: August 16, 2010

30.7K
Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
06:44

Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 7, 2020

7.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cell and Gene Therapy
  • Oncology

Context:

  • Introduction of novel therapeutic agents for neurological conditions.
  • Focus on open-source development in medical treatments.
  • Regulatory approval by Japan's Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare.

Purpose:

  • To introduce Delytact, a viral-gene therapy for malignant brain tumors like gliomas.
  • To introduce Stemirac, a therapy for spinal contusion using self-mesenchymal implantation.
  • To highlight approved clinical arsenals in Japan.

Summary:

  • Delytact utilizes viral gene therapy to target and treat malignant brain tumors, including gliomas.
  • Stemirac employs self-mesenchymal implantation for treating spinal cord injuries.
  • Both Delytact and Stemirac represent advancements in cell and gene therapy approved for clinical use in Japan.

Impact:

  • Provides new treatment options for patients with malignant brain tumors.
  • Offers a potential therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury patients.
  • Expands the availability of innovative cell and gene therapies in Japan.