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Updated: Jul 30, 2025

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation
Published on: February 28, 2012
Pacemakers, Implantable Defibrillators, and 5G Technology: What We Need to Know
Eugenio Mattei1, Cecilia Vivarelli1, Daniele Franci2
1Dipartimento di Malattie Cardiovascolari, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Invecchiamento, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italia.
Abstract:
Pacemakers (PM) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) are active implantable medical devices (AIMD) needed in case of cardiac arrhythmias. Given their potentially life-sustaining nature, the interaction between any source of electromagnetic field and these AIMDs is an ongoing concern of patients, industry, and regulators. According to the current regulatory framework, the required immunity of PM and ICD provides a reasonable unperturbed behavior in the presence of cell phones and base stations that use pre-5G technologies. PM/ICD international standards do not consider some peculiar characteristics of 5G technology and some of the 5G technology frequency bands (those above 3 GHz), since these frequencies are considered not to add risks to the AIMD functioning. Here we analyze the theoretical issues about the interference between 5G technology and PM/ICD and propose an experimental approach to perform a measurement campaign.
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