Chromatic dispersion of soft contact lens materials
Beate Spychala1, Klaus Ehrmann2
1Aalen University of Applied Sciences, Department of Optometry, Aalen, Germany; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
Purpose:
To investigate and evaluate the chromatic dispersion of various hydrogel and silicon hydrogel contact lens materials.
Methods:
Eighteen different soft contact lens materials with high and low water content in lens power of -1.00 DS were measured by one operator at temperature of 20 °C ± 0.5° soaked in ISO standard phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and in their respective packaging solutions (PS). An analogue Abbe refractometer (Model Zuzi 320, AUXILAB, S.L., Navarra, Spain) was used for refractive index (RI) measurements at 5 different wavelengths. All contact lenses were presented in a random and masked order to the operator. The Bland-Altman method with 95 % limits of agreement (LoA) and coefficient of repeatability (CoR) was used to characterise the repeatability of refractive index measurements. The Abbe numbers for each material were calculated by entering the measured and interpolated refractive indices into the Abbe number equation. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to test if there were significant differences between the 5 different wavelengths (470 nm-680 nm) within each material. An unpaired t-test was used to determine if there were differences in refractive index or dispersion between packaging solution and PBS results.
Results:
Nelfilcon A (Dailies Aqua Comfort Plus) soaked in PS showed the best repeatability of all 18 examined soft contact lenses across all wavelengths with an average refractive index of 1.3848 for all 6 contact lenses with a standard deviation of 0.00064. The 95 % limits of agreement were between 1.3835 and 1.3860. The mean coefficient of repeatability for nelfilcon A was 0.00125. For contact lenses soaked in ISO Standard PBS comfilcon A (Biofinity) had the best repeatability. The average refractive index of all 6 contact lenses was 1.4041 with a standard deviation of 0.00031 and a coefficient of repeatability of 0.00060. The 95 % limits of agreement were between 1.4035 and 1.4047. The analysis with One-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons involving Holm-Sidak post-hoc, showed that there are significant differences (p < 0.001, Fratio = 376.2 between wavelengths and Fratio = 1559 between different refractive indices) in the refractive index of most common lens materials across the visible wavelength range. Based on unpaired t-test, there is no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the Abbe numbers of the tested lens materials whether they have been placed in the packaging solution or in standard PBS (p > 0.05, 95 % CI = -4.8070 to 5.8680, t = 0.2054). The Abbe numbers for the calculated contact lenses soaked in PS ranged between 43.7 and 89.9. For contact lenses stored in PBS the range was between 46.3 and 81.6.
Conclusion:
There is a good repeatability between repeated RI measurements taken from the same lens and from the same material. The significant differences between the refractive indices across the 5 different wavelengths showed the presence of chromatic dispersion in the 18 evaluated soft contact lens materials. Furthermore, it could be shown that there is no significant difference in dispersion whether the contact lenses are soaked in standard PBS or in their respective packaging solutions. With no other published data available as a reference, absolute accuracy of the calculated Abbe numbers remains to be confirmed, however, this study did confirm that significant chromatic dispersion exists in soft contact lens materials.
