Lab-made flexible third-generation fructose biosensors based on 0D-nanostructured transducers

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Nanomaterials Science
• Biosensor Technology

Background:

• Development of third-generation amperometric biosensors requires efficient electrode fabrication methods.
• Water-dispersed zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterials offer potential for enhanced electron transfer in biosensors.
• Fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) based biosensors are crucial for D-fructose determination.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a scalable, benchtop electrode fabrication method for third-generation fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) amperometric biosensors.
• To utilize water-dispersed 0D-nanomaterials (Carbon Black and Mesoporous Carbon) for enhanced biosensor performance.
• To demonstrate the application of these biosensors for D-fructose determination in diverse sample matrices.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of electrochemical platforms using Stencil-Printing (StPE) and insulation via xurography.
• Preparation of Carbon Black (CB) and Mesoporous Carbon (MS) 0D-nanomaterials in water-phase via sonochemical approach.
• Integration of FDH enzyme with nano-Stencil-Printed electrodes (nano-StPE) for amperometric detection.

Main Results:

• Nano-StPE electrodes exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic currents compared to conventional electrodes.
• Biosensors demonstrated high sensitivity (∼150 μA cm⁻² mM⁻¹), low limits of detection (0.35 μM for CB, 0.16 μM for MS), and wide linear ranges (2-500 μM for CB, 1-250 μM for MS).
• Achieved good accuracy (95-116% recovery) and reproducibility (RSD ≤8.6%) in food and urine samples, with high selectivity due to low working potential (+0.15 V).

Conclusions:

• The proposed scalable Stencil-Printing electrode fabrication method using water-dispersed 0D-nanomaterials is effective for creating high-performance FDH biosensors.
• The developed biosensors offer significant advantages in sensitivity, selectivity, and accuracy for D-fructose quantification.
• This versatile approach paves the way for affordable and customizable FDH-based bioelectronic devices.