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Related Concept Videos

Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory01:15

Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory

Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus: Comparing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery
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A Component Analysis of Skill Acquisition Consequences with Listener Responses.

Hui Zhi1, Daniel M Fienup1, Kalie Chan1

  • 1Department of Health & Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 W. 120th Street, Box 223, New York, NY 10027 USA.

Journal of Behavioral Education
|June 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Correction procedures are key for skill acquisition. Implementing corrections for incorrect responses, alongside praise for correct ones, proved more effective than praise alone in teaching new skills.

Keywords:
Correction procedureDiscrete trial instructionLearn unit instructionPraiseSkill acquisition consequence

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Learning Science

Background:

  • Understanding the most effective methods for skill acquisition is crucial in educational and therapeutic settings.
  • Previous research has explored various reinforcement and correction strategies, but their comparative efficacy requires further analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a component analysis of skill acquisition consequences, specifically examining the impact of praise and correction procedures on learning.
  • To compare the effectiveness of different response consequence strategies on the acquisition, duration, and maintenance of learned skills.

Main Methods:

  • Three conditions were compared: Learn Unit (LU) with praise and correction, Praise-Only-for-Correct-Responses (PC) with only praise, and Correction-Only-for-Incorrect-Responses (CI) with only correction.
  • The study utilized educational and abstract stimuli to measure response acquisition rate, duration, and maintenance.

Main Results:

  • Both the LU and CI conditions were more effective in teaching listener responses than the PC condition.
  • The LU condition was not necessarily more efficient than the CI condition in terms of acquisition rate.
  • The correction procedure alone (CI) demonstrated significant effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • The correction procedure appears to be a necessary and sufficient component for effective skill acquisition and maintenance.
  • Contingent correction of incorrect responses is a powerful tool for learning, potentially more so than praise alone.