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Related Concept Videos

Psychosurgery01:30

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
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Updated: Jul 25, 2025

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Awake Breast Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Gianluca Vanni1, Giacomo Costanzo1, Marco Pellicciaro2,3

  • 1Breast Unit, Department of Surgical Science, PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.

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|June 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Awake breast surgery offers sustainability and shorter hospital stays, reducing surgical stress compared to general anesthesia. Nerve blocks provide the safest and most effective anesthetic technique.

Keywords:
Awake breast surgeryawake surgeryreviewsurgery without patient intubation

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Surgical Innovation

Background:

  • Awake surgery is a viable alternative to general anesthesia, particularly noted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • This systematic review explores the potential benefits and applications of awake breast surgery.
  • The technique offers numerous advantages in various surgical fields.

Approach:

  • A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases.
  • 109 records were initially retrieved, with 49 excluded for unsuitability.
  • 12 relevant records, including various study types, were selected for analysis by three independent reviewers.

Key Points:

  • Awake breast surgery demonstrated sustainability and reduced hospitalization during the COVID-19 period.
  • It resulted in a lesser lymphocyte response compared to general anesthesia, indicating reduced surgical stress.
  • Nerve blocks were identified as a safe and effective anesthetic technique for awake breast surgery, offering good postoperative pain control.

Conclusions:

  • Awake breast surgery, combined with fast-track protocols, shortens hospital stays and lowers costs without compromising surgical outcomes.
  • The technique effectively reduces surgical stress in comparison to general anesthesia.
  • Nerve blocks are superior to epidural anesthesia for awake breast surgery regarding safety and efficacy.