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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
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Many-Body Resonances in the Avalanche Instability of Many-Body Localization.

Hyunsoo Ha1, Alan Morningstar1,2, David A Huse1

  • 1Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|July 7, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many-body localized systems avoid thermal equilibrium. Avalanches, driven by many-body resonances, can spread thermalization through these systems, revealing a key connection.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Many-Body Systems

Background:

  • Many-body localized (MBL) systems exhibit unique non-equilibrium dynamics.
  • These systems, despite interactions, resist thermalization due to localization.
  • An 'avalanche' instability can trigger thermalization in MBL systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of avalanche spreading in MBL systems.
  • To explore the role of many-body resonances in MBL thermalization.
  • To establish a connection between resonances and avalanche phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of one-dimensional MBL systems.
  • Modeling avalanche spreading by coupling to an infinite-temperature bath.
  • Analysis of many-body resonances and near-resonant eigenstates.

Main Results:

  • Avalanche spreading is primarily mediated by strong many-body resonances.
  • These resonances occur between rare, near-resonant eigenstates of the closed system.
  • A direct link between many-body resonances and avalanche dynamics was identified.

Conclusions:

  • Many-body resonances are crucial for the propagation of thermalization in MBL systems.
  • Understanding resonances provides insight into the breakdown of localization.
  • This study elucidates a fundamental mechanism governing MBL system behavior.