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Association Between the COVID-19 Pandemic and Early Childhood Development
Koryu Sato1,2, Taiyo Fukai3,4, Keiko K Fujisawa4,5
1Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
JAMA Pediatrics
|July 10, 2023
Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with delayed early childhood development at age 5, with wider developmental variations observed during this period. Identifying and supporting affected children is crucial for their well-being.
Area of Science:
- Child Development
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- While the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on academic performance is documented, its effects on early childhood development remain less understood.
- This study addresses the gap in knowledge regarding the pandemic's association with developmental trajectories in young children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and early childhood development.
- To compare developmental outcomes in children exposed to the pandemic during follow-up with unexposed cohorts.
Main Methods:
- A cohort study was conducted in Japanese nursery centers, following children aged 1 and 3 years for two years.
- Developmental age was assessed using the Kinder Infant Development Scale (KIDS) by nursery teachers.
- Children were grouped based on pandemic exposure during their follow-up period.
Main Results:
- Children exposed to the pandemic showed delayed development at age 5 (4.39 months behind), but not at age 3.
- Developmental variations increased during the pandemic for all children, irrespective of age.
- Quality of nursery care positively impacted 3-year-olds' development during the pandemic, while parental depression amplified delays in 5-year-olds.
Conclusions:
- The COVID-19 pandemic is linked to delayed development in 5-year-olds, with increased developmental variability observed.
- Early identification and comprehensive support for children experiencing pandemic-related developmental delays are essential.
- Interventions should address learning, socialization, mental health, and family support for affected children.
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