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Published on: January 22, 2019
Disturbed Matrix Metalloproteinases Activity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Beatriz Martins1,2, Rosa Fernandes3,4,5
1Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Abstract:
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a tightly regulated family of proteolytic enzymes that break down extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane components. Because it is associated with development, morphogenesis, tissue remodeling, and repair, ECM remodeling is an important mechanism. MMPs are thought to act as a double-edged sword, as they contribute to maintaining photoreceptors/retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/Bruch's membrane (BM)/choroid complex homeostasis and also contribute to the onset and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Polymorphisms and/or altered expression in MMPs and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we review the evidence for MMPs' role in the onset and progression of AMD via addressing their regulation and TIMPs' significant regulatory functions.
Insights
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are key in retinal health and disease. Altered MMPs and their inhibitors (TIMPs) are linked to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology and Molecular Biology
Background:
- Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), is crucial for tissue homeostasis.
- MMPs play a dual role in ocular health, maintaining the photoreceptor/retinal pigment epithelium/Bruch's membrane/choroid complex, but also contributing to age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Approach:
- This review examines the regulatory mechanisms of MMPs.
- It specifically investigates the role of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in modulating MMP activity.
Key Points:
- Genetic variations and expression changes in MMPs and TIMPs are associated with AMD.
- MMPs are implicated in both the initiation and advancement of AMD pathogenesis.
- TIMPs are critical regulators of MMP function in the retina.
Conclusions:
- Understanding MMP and TIMP regulation is vital for elucidating AMD development.
- Targeting MMP/TIMP pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for AMD.
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