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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

146
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
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Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Reasoning01:30

Reasoning

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Reasoning is the action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way. It is integral to problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking. Reasoning can be inductive or deductive. Reasoning involves transforming information into conclusions, which is essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking.
Inductive reasoning involves deriving generalizations from specific observations. This type of reasoning helps form beliefs about the world. For example,...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
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Deductive Reasoning01:16

Deductive Reasoning

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Deductive reasoning, or deduction, is the type of logic used in hypothesis-based science. In deductive reasoning, the pattern of thinking moves in the opposite direction as compared to inductive reasoning, which means that it uses a general principle or law to predict specific results. From those general principles, a scientist can deduce and predict the specific results that would be valid as long as the general principles are valid.
For example, a researcher can deduce specific predictions...
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Learning how to reason and deciding when to decide.

Senne Braem1, Leslie Held1, Amitai Shenhav2

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium senne.braem@ugent.be; https://users.ugent.be/~sbraem/ leslie.held@ugent.be.

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human reasoning involves intuitive and deliberate thought systems. Detecting the need for deeper thinking is an intuitive, learned process sensitive to context.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human reasoning

Background:

  • The dual-systems model posits distinct intuitive and deliberate thought processes.
  • Understanding the transition between these systems is a key research question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which individuals detect the need for deliberate thought.
  • To propose that this detection is an intuitive, learned process.

Main Methods:

  • The study draws inspiration from cognitive control and conflict monitoring research.
  • It frames the detection of cognitive load as an intuitive process.

Main Results:

  • The need for further thought is identified through an intuitive mechanism.
  • This intuitive process is context-sensitive and acquired through learning.

Conclusions:

  • The ability to shift from intuitive to deliberate reasoning is not arbitrary.
  • It relies on a learned, intuitive detection system that monitors cognitive states.