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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Global Positioning System01:30

Introduction to Global Positioning System

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) revolutionized positioning on Earth, providing precise location data through satellite ranging. The GPS system was developed in 1978 by the U.S. Department of Defense  for military use, and it became available for civilian applications in 1983, transforming fields including navigation, fleet management, and time synchronization for telecommunications systems.GPS consists of satellites in medium Earth orbit, about 20,200 kilometers above the surface,...
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Field Application of Global Positioning System01:28

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
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Errors in Global Positioning System01:26

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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
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Types of Global Positioning System Surveys01:30

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GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
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Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device01:30

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Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point...
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The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
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A Secure ZUPT-Aided Indoor Navigation System Using Blockchain in GNSS-Denied Environments.

Ali Shakerian1, Ali Eghmazi1, Justin Goasdoué2

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada.

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Summary

This study introduces a secure blockchain-based indoor navigation system using dual inertial measurement units (IMUs) and zero-velocity updates (ZUPTs). It achieves accurate positioning without external signals, enhancing data integrity and privacy.

Keywords:
blockchainextended Kalman filter (EKF)gnss-deniedindoor navigationinertial measurement unit (IMU)positioningsecurezero-velocity update (ZUPT)

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics and Autonomous Systems
  • Cybersecurity
  • Navigation and Positioning

Background:

  • Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-denied environments pose significant challenges for accurate and secure indoor navigation.
  • Existing indoor navigation systems often rely on external infrastructure or are vulnerable to data manipulation.
  • The integration of blockchain technology offers a promising solution for enhancing the security and trustworthiness of navigation data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and evaluate a novel Blockchain-based indoor navigation system.
  • To enhance the accuracy, security, and privacy of navigation data in GNSS-denied environments.
  • To demonstrate the system's suitability for applications like autonomous vehicles, robots, and human tracking.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a foot-mounted dual-inertial measurement unit (IMU) setup for motion sensing.
  • Implementing an extended Kalman filter (EKF) for sensor data fusion and state estimation.
  • Employing the zero-velocity update (ZUPT) algorithm to correct sensor drift and improve position accuracy.
  • Leveraging a Low SWaP-C blockchain-based decentralized architecture (Hyperledger Fabric) for secure data management.

Main Results:

  • The system demonstrated high transaction processing capability (over 680 transactions per second).
  • Achieved exceptional accuracy and robustness, with a mean Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 1.2 m and a peak RMSE of 3.2 m over a 20-minute test.
  • Provided clear evidence of enhanced data integrity, privacy, and security through blockchain utilization.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed system offers a secure, accurate, and practical solution for indoor navigation in GNSS-unavailable environments.
  • Blockchain technology effectively ensures the trustworthiness and immutability of navigation data.
  • The system's independence from external signals makes it a versatile solution for various autonomous and tracking applications.