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A 0.67 μV-IIRN super-T Ω-Z IN 17.5 μW/Ch Active Electrode With In-Channel Boosted CMRR for Distributed EEG

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Integrated Circuit Design
    • Wearable Technology

    Background:

    • Ambulatory electroencephalography (EEG) recording requires robust integrated circuits (ICs) for reliable signal acquisition.
    • Existing systems face challenges with common-mode rejection, input impedance variations, and scalability, particularly with dry electrodes.
    • Need for advanced active electrode (AE) designs that improve signal integrity and system flexibility for wearable applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design, develop, and characterize a novel active electrode (AE) integrated circuit (IC) for wearable ambulatory EEG.
    • To achieve high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) independent of electrode-to-electrode gain variations.
    • To enable a scalable, distributed system architecture with enhanced electrode-skin interface monitoring and stability.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed an AE IC architecture with in-AE double common-mode (CM) rejection and DC coupling for super-TΩ input impedance.
    • Implemented signal quantization and serialization within the AE for a single data bus communication, enhancing scalability.
    • Integrated auxiliary modules for electrode-skin connection monitoring, input DC level adjustment, and CM feedback loop.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a CMRR of 82.2 dB at 60 Hz, voltage gain of 52.8 dB, and bandwidth of 0.2-400 Hz.
    • Demonstrated super-TΩ input impedance, ±500 mV input DC offset tolerance, and low input-referred noise of 0.67 μVRMS (0.5-100 Hz).
    • Developed and characterized novel printed tattoo electrodes, demonstrating bio-compatibility, flexibility, and stable performance with the AE.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed AE IC architecture significantly improves CMRR and input impedance, crucial for reliable ambulatory EEG with dry electrodes.
    • The distributed system design enhances scalability and enables continuous monitoring of electrode-skin interface stability.
    • Experimental validation with printed electrodes confirms the system's in-vivo performance for both ECG and EEG recording.