Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Coping Strategies: Problem Focused01:27

Coping Strategies: Problem Focused

96
Coping strategies are methods people use to manage, tolerate, or reduce the effects of stressors. These strategies involve both behavioral and psychological actions to handle stressful situations. One common approach is problem-focused coping, which aims to change or eliminate the source of stress rather than merely addressing its consequences. This method involves taking direct action to resolve the issue causing stress.
For example, consider a student who struggles to understand their...
96
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

1.8K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
1.8K
Preparedness and Phobias01:09

Preparedness and Phobias

122
Human fear responses to certain stimuli, such as darkness, heights, deep water, and blood, can often arise despite the absence of direct negative experiences. This phenomenon is rooted in evolutionary psychology, which posits that humans have developed a predisposition to fear stimuli that historically posed significant survival threats. This predisposition, known as preparedness, suggests that early humans who developed a fear of potentially dangerous entities, such as venomous snakes and...
122
Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused01:20

Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused

98
Emotion-focused coping refers to a set of strategies aimed at managing the emotional impact of stressors, rather than directly addressing their causes. This approach involves altering one's emotional response to stressful situations to reduce their psychological effects. For example, individuals might talk with a friend or engage in activities like journaling to express their feelings. Such actions can help achieve emotional clarity or release, providing the psychological stability needed...
98
Behavior Therapy01:22

Behavior Therapy

78
Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
78
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy01:24

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

75
Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert...
75

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Latent subdimensions of anxiety and depression differentially influence exertion of effort in pursuit of reward versus avoidance of threat.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

Linking compromise and responsibility attribution to risky decision-making in dyadic foraging.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Neural signatures of model-based and model-free reinforcement learning across prefrontal cortex and striatum.

eLife·2026
Same author

Uncertainty for better and worse.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same author

Dopamine dynamics in human anterior cingulate cortex during Pavlovian-instrumental conflict.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Human claustrum neurons encode uncertainty and prediction errors during aversive learning.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same journal

The pyroptosis cascade between inflammatory endothelial cells and microglia facilitates BBB disruption in bacterial meningitis.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

Phage biocontrol reduces the disease burden and modulates plant immunity through suppression of bacterial virulence.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

Structural mechanisms for self-activation of protease-activated receptor 4 by tethered ligand.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

Immunotherapy with B28, an antibody to Aβ oligomers, potently decreases amyloid plaques, microgliosis, and memory decline in APP knock-in mice.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

TUSC3 serves as a rate-limiting gatekeeper of a glycan-mediated ER triage checkpoint for BMP4/Dpp.

Cell reports·2026
Same journal

Activation of a Yap1-mesenchymal-like program in β-cells during diabetes.

Cell reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2025

A Behavioral Assay for Investigating the Role of Spatial Memory During Instinctive Defense in Mice
05:49

A Behavioral Assay for Investigating the Role of Spatial Memory During Instinctive Defense in Mice

Published on: July 21, 2018

9.6K

Interactive cognitive maps support flexible behavior under threat.

Toby Wise1, Caroline J Charpentier2, Peter Dayan3

  • 1Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.

Cell Reports
|August 23, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Humans use an interactive cognitive map to understand and predict others' goal-directed behavior in social settings. This allows for flexible, generalized responses by simulating agent preferences and future actions.

Keywords:
CP: Neuroscienceavoidancecognitive mapsdecision-makinglearningplanningsocial inference

More Related Videos

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

11.7K
Analyzing Spatial Learning and Prosocial Behavior in Mice Using the Barnes Maze and Damsel-in-Distress Paradigms
08:00

Analyzing Spatial Learning and Prosocial Behavior in Mice Using the Barnes Maze and Damsel-in-Distress Paradigms

Published on: November 17, 2018

14.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2025

A Behavioral Assay for Investigating the Role of Spatial Memory During Instinctive Defense in Mice
05:49

A Behavioral Assay for Investigating the Role of Spatial Memory During Instinctive Defense in Mice

Published on: July 21, 2018

9.6K
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

11.7K
Analyzing Spatial Learning and Prosocial Behavior in Mice Using the Barnes Maze and Damsel-in-Distress Paradigms
08:00

Analyzing Spatial Learning and Prosocial Behavior in Mice Using the Barnes Maze and Damsel-in-Distress Paradigms

Published on: November 17, 2018

14.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive science
  • Social neuroscience
  • Behavioral economics

Background:

  • Human survival in social environments relies on inferring and adapting to others' goal-directed actions.
  • Understanding how humans process complex, dynamic social interactions remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying human inference and adaptation to other agents' goal-directed behavior.
  • To determine if a cognitive map facilitates flexible and generalizable social responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a predator-prey task with 510 participants.
  • Employed a model-based inverse reinforcement learning model to analyze preference inference.
  • Applied tree-search planning models to evaluate behavioral simulation.

Main Results:

  • Participants' inferences about threatening agents' preferences were accurately explained by a model-based inverse reinforcement learning model.
  • Inferred knowledge enabled participants to exhibit generalizable, model-based behavioral responses.
  • Behavior was best described by a planning algorithm incorporating simulations of the threat's goal-directed actions.

Conclusions:

  • Humans leverage an interactive cognitive map to infer other agents' preferences.
  • This cognitive mapping facilitates generalized predictions of agent behavior.
  • Effective social responses are enabled by simulating and predicting the actions of others.