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Updated: Jul 17, 2025
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A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
Published on: December 22, 2016
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[Central apneas and cardiovascular diseases].
Francesco Gentile1, Paolo Sciarrone2, Francesco Buoncristiani2
1Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa.
Giornale Italiano Di Cardiologia (2006)
|August 29, 2023
Summary
Central apneas (CA) and periodic breathing (PB) are common in heart failure, impacting awake patients and increasing mortality. New therapies targeting CA triggers like chemoreflex sensitivity are needed.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pulmonology
- Sleep Medicine
Context:
- Central apneas (CA) and periodic breathing (PB) affect up to 50% of heart failure patients.
- These breathing disorders are now recognized as 24-hour phenomena, not limited to sleep.
Purpose:
- To review the pathophysiology and clinical implications of CA/PB in heart failure.
- To discuss current management strategies and the need for novel therapies targeting CA/PB.
Summary:
- CA/PB in heart failure are linked to worse clinical profiles and increased mortality, particularly when present in awake patients during physical activity.
- Pathophysiological drivers include chemoreflex activation, circulatory delay, and altered plant gain.
- Current treatments, including non-invasive ventilation, have shown mixed results in reducing CA-related mortality.
Impact:
- Highlights the significant impact of CA/PB on heart failure patient outcomes.
- Suggests that future research should focus on therapies that target the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of CA/PB, such as chemoreflex sensitivity.
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