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3D Printing of Preclinical X-ray Computed Tomographic Data Sets

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Four-Dimensional (4D) Printing of Dynamic Foods-Definitions, Considerations, and Current Scientific Status.

Ahmed Raouf Fahmy¹, Antonio Derossi², Mario Jekle¹

¹Department of Plant-Based Foods, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

|September 28, 2023

Summary

Four-dimensional (4D) food printing extends 3D printing by enabling food structures to change shape or color over time. This emerging technology offers new possibilities for personalized nutrition and innovative food design.

Keywords:

3D printing 4D food printing programmed structures shape morphing smart materials

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Area of Science:

Food Science and Technology
Materials Science
Engineering

Background:

3D food printing has advanced material formulations and textures for applications like personalized nutrition.
Continuous evolution in methods, materials, and approaches supports processing dynamic food structures.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose new definitions and considerations for 4D food printing.
To provide an overview of the current scientific progress, status, and approaches in 4D food printing.

Main Methods:

Engineering 4D food structures through material tailoring and custom designs.
Designing for time-dependent transformations activated by internal or external stimuli.

Main Results:

Demonstrated engineered 4D behaviors including stimulated color change, shape morphing, and biological growth.
Established a foundation for processing dynamic food structures with time-dependent changes.

Conclusions:

4D food printing is an emerging field with significant potential for innovative food applications.
Further research and definition are imperative for the advancement of 4D food printing technology.