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Rotator cuff function during a golf swing.

F W Jobe, D R Moynes, D J Antonelli

    The American Journal of Sports Medicine
    |September 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Professional golfers exhibit distinct shoulder muscle activation patterns during the golf swing. The subscapularis and rotator cuff muscles show significant activity, crucial for injury prevention and training strategies.

    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Biomechanics
    • Human Physiology

    Background:

    • Understanding shoulder muscle activation is vital for golf performance and injury prevention.
    • Electromyography (EMG) and high-speed photography are key tools for analyzing complex movements like the golf swing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate bilateral shoulder muscle activity during the golf swing in professional golfers.
    • To identify muscle firing patterns that could inform injury prevention and training regimens.

    Main Methods:

    • Electromyography (EMG) using indwelling electrodes to measure activity in key shoulder muscles (rotator cuff, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, deltoids).
    • High-speed photography (450 frames per second) synchronized with EMG signals.
    • Analysis of muscle activity across four distinct phases of the golf swing.

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    Main Results:

    • Deltoid muscles were largely inactive on both sides, except for brief anterior deltoid activation on the left before impact.
    • Rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus) showed low-level activity, with the subscapularis being the most active throughout the swing.
    • The latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major demonstrated significant bilateral activity during the acceleration phase, suggesting a role in power generation.

    Conclusions:

    • The golf swing involves specific, coordinated muscle activation patterns in the shoulder, with the subscapularis and power muscles (latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major) playing key roles.
    • These findings provide a foundation for developing targeted training programs and injury prevention strategies for golfers.