Abusive Head Trauma: Historical and Current Perspectives of a Complex Diagnosis

Abusive Head Trauma (AHT) results in more child fatalities than any other form of physical abuse and is associated with significant risk of morbidity for survivors. The diagnosis of AHT is made like any other complex medical condition and is based on a constellation of findings within the context of a reported history provided by the patient's caregiver(s). A standardized process with careful consideration of a differential diagnosis and utilization of a multidisciplinary team is essential. This article explores the history of the diagnosis of AHT, reviews the scientific basis for potential mechanisms, references the recommended medical evaluation, describes common findings, and the importance of early and accurate diagnosis.