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Related Concept Videos

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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Autoimmune Hepatitis: Epidemiology, Subtypes, and Presentation.

Mitchell L Shiffman1

  • 1Bon Secours Liver Institute of Richmond, Bon Secours Mercy Health, 5855 Bremo Road, Suite 509, Richmond, VA 23226, USA; Bon Secours Liver Institute of Hampton Roads, Bon Secours Mercy Health, 12720 Mc Manus Boulevard, Suite 313, Newport News, VA, 23602, USA.

Clinics in Liver Disease
|November 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease with a genetic basis, affecting diverse populations. Its incidence and prevalence are increasing, particularly in older adults, with varied clinical presentations and serologic markers.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune hepatitisClinical presentationEpidemiologySubtypes

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease caused by the immune system attacking the liver.
  • Genetic factors contribute to variations in AIH presentation and serologic markers across populations.
  • AIH incidence increases with age and prevalence is rising.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the understanding of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH).
  • To highlight the genetic basis and population variations in AIH.
  • To describe the diagnostic challenges and clinical spectrum of AIH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on AIH.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data regarding AIH incidence and prevalence.
  • Summary of serologic markers and clinical presentations in AIH patients.

Main Results:

  • AIH has a significant genetic component influencing its epidemiology.
  • Prevalence and incidence of AIH are increasing, especially in older age groups.
  • A significant minority of AIH patients (20%) lack common serologic markers (antinuclear antibody, ASMA, anti-LKM).
  • Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to acute liver failure or cirrhosis.

Conclusions:

  • AIH is a complex autoimmune liver disease with increasing incidence and prevalence.
  • Genetic predisposition and population-specific factors influence AIH presentation.
  • Diagnostic approaches must consider the variability in serologic markers and clinical outcomes.