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Related Concept Videos

Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Chirality02:25

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Chirality is most prevalent in carbon-based tetrahedral compounds, but this important facet of molecular symmetry extends to sp3-hybridized nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur centers, including trivalent molecules with lone pairs. Here, the lone pair behaves as a functional group in addition to the other three substituents to form an analogous tetrahedral center that can be chiral.
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Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

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In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Nature-Inspired Chiral Structures: Fabrication Methods and Multifaceted Applications.

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  • 1Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.

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Area of Science:

  • Chirality and Optics
  • Biomimetic Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Chiral structures in nature exhibit unique optical activity.
  • These structures have diverse applications in optics, chemistry, and medicine.
  • Replicating natural chiral architectures is crucial for technological advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the imitation and applications of naturally occurring chiral structures.
  • To focus on top-down approaches for replicating chiral architectures.
  • To discuss recent advancements in the field and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on chiral structure replication.
  • Focus on top-down fabrication techniques.
  • Analysis of applications in photonics, optoelectronics, and biomedicine.

Main Results:

  • Summary of diverse applications stemming from imitated chiral structures.
  • Highlighting optical activity in photonic crystals and light-emitting devices.
  • Exploration of biorecognition and therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Imitation of natural chiral structures offers significant technological potential.
  • Top-down approaches provide effective methods for replicating these architectures.
  • Chiral structures are versatile, with broad applications across multiple scientific disciplines.