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User Walking Speed and Standing Posture Influence Head/Neck Flexion and Viewing Behavior While Using a Smartphone.

Yi-Lang Chen1, Hong-Tam Nguyen1,2

  • 1Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 243303, Taiwan.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 8, 2023
PubMed
Summary

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Gender Differences in Head and Neck Posture Among Smartphone Users While Walking: Insights from Field Observations in Taipei.

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Using smartphones while walking increases neck strain due to cervical spine posture changes. Two-handed texting exacerbates this compared to one-handed browsing, impacting neck flexion, head flexion, and gaze angle.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Ergonomics

Background:

  • Smartphone use while walking is prevalent, especially when pedestrians are hurried.
  • Limited research exists on posture differences between standing and walking during smartphone use.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for mitigating potential health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biomechanical effects of smartphone use during standing and walking at different speeds.
  • To compare the impact of one-handed browsing versus two-handed texting on posture.
  • To analyze variations in neck flexion, head flexion, gaze angle, and viewing distance.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty young adults (30 men, 30 women) participated in the study.
  • Participants performed smartphone tasks (browsing, texting) while standing, walking slowly, and walking normally.
Keywords:
gaze anglehead/neck flexionsmartphone useviewing distancewalking speed

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  • Measurements included neck flexion (NF), head flexion (HF), gaze angle (GA), and viewing distance (VD).

    • Main Results:

    • Smartphone use while walking resulted in a more pronounced kyphotic curve and increased neck strain compared to standing.
    • Two-handed texting significantly worsened NF, HF, and GA compared to one-handed browsing.
    • Gender differences were observed, with women showing smaller NF, HF, and GA, but their shorter VD warrants further investigation for eyestrain potential.

    Conclusions:

    • Walking while using smartphones can lead to increased cervical spine load and neck strain.
    • Task-specific differences (texting vs. browsing) and hand operations significantly influence postural outcomes.
    • Further research is needed to understand gender-specific risks, particularly concerning viewing distance and potential eyestrain.