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Neuropsychology and Electroencephalography in Rural Children at Neurodevelopmental Risk: A Scoping Review
Gilberto Galindo-Aldana1, Cynthia Torres-González1
1Laboratory of Neuroscience and Cognition, Mental Health, Profession, and Society Research Group, Autonomous University of Baja California, Hwy. 3, Col. Gutierrez, Mexicali 21725, Mexico.
Insights
Electroencephalography (EEG) can detect neurodevelopmental conditions in children from rural areas. This review highlights EEG
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Pediatrics
Background:
- Children in rural areas are susceptible to neurodevelopmental conditions.
- Neuropsychology and electroencephalography (EEG) show correlations between neurodevelopmental conditions and environmental/social risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review studies linking EEG features and cognitive impairment in rural/vulnerable children.
- To identify risk factors associated with EEG abnormalities in these children.
Main Methods:
- Scoping review using PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science.
- Followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
- Qualitative and quantitative analyses of eligible studies.
Main Results:
- 2,280 records identified; 26 studies were eligible (15 qualitative, 11 quantitative).
- Significant literature links EEG and cognitive impairment in children with epilepsy and malnutrition.
- Evidence supports EEG's utility in diagnosing and researching children under risk conditions.
Conclusions:
- Specific EEG features correlate with cognitive impairment in children.
- Further research is needed for advanced EEG feature extraction and integration.
- EEG is a valuable tool for assessing neurodevelopmental conditions in at-risk children.
Abstract:
Children from rural areas face numerous possibilities of neurodevelopmental conditions that may compromise their well-being and optimal development. Neuropsychology and electroencephalography (EEG) have shown strong agreement in detecting correlations between these two variables and suggest an association with specific environmental and social risk factors. The present scoping review aims to describe studies reporting associations between EEG features and cognitive impairment in children from rural or vulnerable environments and describe the main risk factors influencing EEG abnormalities in these children. The method for this purpose was based on a string-based review from PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted from the outcomes that complied with the selected criteria. In total, 2280 records were identified; however, only 26 were eligible: 15 for qualitative and 11 for quantitative analysis. The findings highlight the significant literature on EEG and its relationship with cognitive impairment from studies in children with epilepsy and malnutrition. In general, there is evidence for the advantages of implementing EEG diagnosis and research techniques in children living under risk conditions. Specific associations between particular EEG features and cognitive impairment are described in the reviewed literature in children. Further research is needed to better describe and integrate the state of the art regarding EEG feature extraction.
