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Eliciting Risk Perceptions: Does Conditional Question Wording Have a Downside?

Jeremy D Strueder1, Jane E Miller2, Xianshen Yu3

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Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making
|January 18, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conditional wording in risk perception surveys can inflate the relationship between perceived risk and prevention behavior. However, this bias is small and does not warrant omitting conditional risk measures in research.

Keywords:
conditional wordinghealth behaviormeasurementrisk perception

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Risk Perception Research

Background:

  • Best practices for assessing risk perception involve conditional risk measures, asking individuals to estimate risk contingent on specific actions.
  • These measures are crucial for understanding the impact of risk perceptions on prevention efforts and behavior change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate potential downsides of conditional wording in risk perception measures.
  • To determine if conditional wording leads to overestimation of the relationship between perceived risk and intended prevention behavior.

Main Methods:

  • An online experiment with 750 U.S. participants from Amazon's MTurk was conducted.
  • Participants received information on an unfamiliar fungal disease and were randomly assigned to one of three conditions.
  • Risk perception and vaccination decisions were assessed, with two conditions using conditional wording (risk if not vaccinated) and one serving as an unconditional benchmark.

Main Results:

  • The observed relationship between perceived risk and prevention decisions was inflated in the conditional wording conditions compared to the unconditional benchmark.
  • This inflation occurred when participants provided risk estimates after making their prevention decision.

Conclusions:

  • Conditional wording in risk perception questions can lead to overestimates of perceived risk's impact on prevention decisions.
  • Despite a potential bias, the effect of conditional wording was small, and its measurement benefits suggest continued use in research.
  • Further research is needed to identify conditions under which this biasing impact is most pronounced.