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Plasmon- and Waveguide-Coupled Fluorescence at the Ultraviolet Region.

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We demonstrate how aluminum-based plasmon-coupled waveguides enhance 2-aminopurine fluorescence. This allows for selective detection of surface-bound and bulk fluorophores using surface plasmon-coupled emission and waveguide-coupled emission.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Optoelectronics
  • Biosensing

Background:

  • Surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) enhances P-polarized radiation via fluorophore interaction with surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on metal films.
  • SPP-assisted directional fluorescence has applications in biosensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate 2-aminopurine (2AP) emission coupling to modes in aluminum-based plasmon-coupled waveguides (Al-PCWs).
  • To investigate the potential for selective detection of surface-bound and bulk fluorophores.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 2-aminopurine (2AP) as a UV-absorbing/emitting fluorophore.
  • Fabricated aluminum-based plasmon-coupled waveguides (Al-PCWs).
  • Analyzed P- and S-polarized emission characteristics, including coupling angles, efficiencies, and polarization.

Main Results:

  • Observed directional P-polarized SPCE and P- or S-polarized waveguide-coupled emission (WGCE) from 2AP on Al-PCWs.
  • S-polarized WGCE showed clearer angular resolution than P-polarized SPCE/WGCE.
  • Coupling parameters were sensitive to the dielectric layer's optical properties and dimensions.
  • Structures with probes on top of the silica layer exhibited higher angular resolution and coupling efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Al-PCWs enable directional emission and enhanced fluorescence.
  • The system allows for simultaneous selective detection of surface-bound and bulk fluorophores.
  • Effective plasmon-coupled waveguides can be designed using different dielectric configurations.