[Analysis of risk factors for congenital auriclar deformity and its different types]

Objective:To Explore the clinical characteristics,risk factors,and differences in risk factors for different types of congenital auricular deformities,in order to provide theoretical basis for precise prevention and control of congenital auriclar deformity. Methods:Full-term newborns born in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2022 to January 2023 were screened for auricle malformation, general information and data were collected,,and high-risk factors were investigated withself-made questionnaire.Using a case-control study method,newborns with auriclar deformities were selected as the case group and those without auriclar deformities during the same period were selected as the control group.A case-control study was conducted to analyze the incidence rate,high-risk factors,and differences in high-risk factors for different types of auricle deformities. Results:A total of 1 758 newborns （3 516 ears） were included in this study,including 562 newborns（927 ears） with auriclar deformities,the incidence of congenital malformations of the auricle is 26.37%.Among them,289 ears （8.22%） were helical rim deformity,244 ears （6.94%） were lidding/lop ear,166 ears （4.72%） were mixed deformities,131 ears （3.73%） were prominent/cup ear,79 ears （2.25%） were Stahl's ears,16 ears （0.46%） were abnormal conchal crus,and 2 ears （0.06%） were cryptotia.Maternal history of infection in early pregnancy（OR=1.513，95%CI 1.119-2.045）,previous miscarriage history（OR=1.300，95%CI 1.049-1.613）,and abnormal pregnancy（OR=1.278，95%CI 1.032-1.582） are risk factors for congenital auricular malformations.There was no statistically significant difference in the history of infection（χ²=1.877，P=0.391）,previous miscarriage（χ²=4.706，P=0.095）,and abnormal pregnancy（χ²=5.026，P=0.081） among mothers with helical rim deformity,lidding/lop ear,and mixed deformities. Conclusion:The incidence rate of congenital auricle deformity is high, with common malformations such as helical rim deformity, lidding/lop ear,and mixed deformities. Congenital auricular deformity is caused by various factors, the same risk factor has roughly the same impact on different types of morphological abnormalities.