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Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Methods for Assessing Executive Functioning: Systematic Review.

Rebecca Kirkham1, Lars Kooijman2, Lucy Albertella1

  • 1Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immersive virtual reality (VR) offers promising, ecologically valid assessments of executive functioning (EF). However, current research shows inconsistent validation and limited monitoring of adverse effects like cybersickness.

Keywords:
cognitioncybersicknessexecutive functioningimmersionneuropsychological assessmentpsychometric propertiessystematic reviewvirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Traditional executive functioning (EF) assessments lack ecological validity and are limited in scope.
  • Immersive virtual reality (VR) presents a novel approach to enhance EF assessment sensitivity and accessibility.
  • VR’s potential for more ecologically valid and sensitive neuropsychological testing is of growing interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review immersive VR assessments of EF.
  • To analyze the EF components evaluated, validation methods, and monitoring of adverse/beneficial effects in VR assessments.
  • To identify current trends and limitations in VR-based EF assessment literature.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Web of Science (July 2022).
  • Inclusion of peer-reviewed English manuscripts post-2013 detailing VR-EF assessment studies in adults.
  • Tabular synthesis and qualitative analysis of validation details, EF components, and user experience data.

Main Results:

  • 19 studies met inclusion criteria, assessing various EF components like inhibitory control, working memory, and attention.
  • VR assessments were often validated against traditional tasks, but with observed discrepancies and incomplete reporting.
  • Few studies reported on cybersickness (21%) or user experience (26%), indicating a gap in safety and usability evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Immersive VR holds significant potential for EF assessment, but current evidence is limited by methodological and psychometric inconsistencies.
  • Inconsistent reporting, infrequent monitoring of adverse effects, and variable sample sizes challenge the validity and reliability of VR EF assessments.
  • Recommendations include integrating biosensors, exploring spatial navigation, and prioritizing systematic, validated implementation for practical utility.