Illuminating a Solvent-Dependent Hierarchy for Aromatic CH/π Complexes with Dynamic Covalent Glyco-Balances
Laura Díaz-Casado1, Alejandro Villacampa1, Francisco Corzana2
1Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Aromatic CH/π interactions are crucial for molecular architecture but their strength varies with environment. This study reveals polarized CH/π interactions can be more stable than cationic ones, challenging existing hierarchies.
Area of Science:
- Supramolecular Chemistry
- Physical Organic Chemistry
- Chemical Physics
Background:
- CH/π interactions are vital for stabilizing aromatic molecular architectures.
- Their context-dependent nature leads to conflicting findings and an elusive hierarchy.
- Understanding these interactions is key for designing advanced materials and catalysts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To experimentally investigate aromatic CH/π complexes under diverse conditions.
- To uncover thermodynamic and kinetic insights into CH/π interaction strengths.
- To challenge and redefine the established hierarchy of aromatic interaction stability.
Main Methods:
- Utilized isotopically labeled glyco-balances generated in situ for precise measurements.
- Collected over 180 new free energy values for various aromatic CH/π complexes.
- Analyzed the influence of solvent properties, geometry, and counterions on interaction strength.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated that the conventional hierarchy of CH/π interaction strength is environment-dependent.
- Showed polarized CH/π interactions can match or exceed cationic CH/π interactions.
- Identified specific conditions where non-conventional interaction strengths are observed.
Conclusions:
- The stability of aromatic CH/π interactions is highly sensitive to environmental factors like solvent polarity.
- Polarized CH/π interactions offer a robust stabilization strategy across various polarities.
- Provides guidelines for designing tailored aromatic complexes for diverse applications.
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