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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body01:31

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support variousĀ  biological processes .
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are required in minimal quantities, but their deficiencies can lead to severely abnormal physiological conditions. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin, delayed...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Micelles01:30

Micelles

Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...

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Updated: Jun 5, 2026

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Natural Moisturizing Factor-Enriched Formulations Compared to a Ceramide-Based Cream

Hilary E Baldwin, Craig Arrowitz, James Del Rosso

    Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD
    |March 5, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    New ceramide plus natural moisturizing factor (NMF) formulations significantly improved skin hydration compared to a standard ceramide cream. These NMF-enriched products offer superior moisturization by enhancing the skin barrier function.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Cosmetic Science
    • Skin Physiology

    Background:

    • Skin moisturization is crucial for barrier function.
    • Ceramides and natural moisturizing factors (NMF) are key components for maintaining skin hydration.
    • Evaluating novel formulations for enhanced skin moisturization is an ongoing area of research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the efficacy of two ceramide plus NMF-enriched formulations against a ceramide-based cream for skin moisturization.
    • To assess the impact of these formulations on skin hydration levels over time.

    Main Methods:

    • Two double-blinded comparative studies were conducted with a total of 68 participants.
    • Participants applied either ceramide plus NMF cream/lotion or a ceramide-based cream to their lower legs for 10 days, followed by a 5-day regression period.
    • Skin hydration was measured daily using corneometry.

    Main Results:

    • Ceramide plus NMF-enriched formulations showed a greater increase in skin hydration compared to the ceramide-based cream at days 10 and 15.
    • Statistical significance in favor of the NMF-enriched formulations was observed at day 10.
    • These findings indicate enhanced moisturizing effects of formulations containing NMF.

    Conclusions:

    • Ceramide plus NMF-enriched formulations provide superior skin moisturization compared to ceramide-based creams.
    • The enhanced efficacy is attributed to the humectant properties of NMF, which support the stratum corneum's integrity and barrier function.
    • These findings suggest that NMF plays a vital role in improving skin permeability and reducing water loss.