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Updated: Jul 1, 2025
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Molecular Imaging of PD-1 Unveils Unknown Characteristics of PD-1 Itself by Visualizing "PD-1 Microclusters"
Wataru Nishi1,2, Ei Wakamatsu2, Hiroaki Machiyama2
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Abstract:
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is one of the most famous coinhibitory receptors that are expressed on effector T cells to regulate their function. The PD-1 ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, are expressed by various cells throughout the body at steady state and their expression was further regulated within different pathological conditions such as tumor-bearing and chronic inflammatory diseases. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 has become a standard treatment for various malignancies and has shown remarkable antitumor effects. Since the discovery of PD-1 in 1992, a huge number of studies have been conducted to elucidate the function of PD-1. Herein, this paper provides an overview of PD-1 biological findings and sheds some light on the current technology for molecular imaging of PD-1.
Insights
Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) regulates T cell function and is a target for cancer immunotherapy. This review covers PD-1 biology and molecular imaging technologies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Oncology
- Molecular Imaging
Background:
- Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a key coinhibitory receptor on T cells, regulating immune responses.
- Its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, are expressed on various cells and modulated in diseases like cancer and inflammation.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathways are effective cancer treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of the biological findings related to PD-1.
- To discuss current technologies for molecular imaging of PD-1.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of PD-1 biology.
- Review of molecular imaging techniques applied to PD-1.
Main Results:
- PD-1 plays a crucial role in immune regulation and is a validated target for cancer therapy.
- Various molecular imaging technologies are being developed to visualize PD-1 expression.
Conclusions:
- Understanding PD-1 biology is essential for advancing cancer immunotherapy.
- Molecular imaging of PD-1 holds promise for diagnostics and treatment monitoring.
