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Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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Insomnia01:27

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Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
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Disordered sleep and its association with academic performance and functioning.

S R Gilstrap1, J M Hobson1, H E Dark1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA.

Sleep and Biological Rhythms
|March 12, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

College students with sleep disorders miss more classes and have worse academic functioning. Early assessment and treatment of sleep issues are crucial for academic success.

Keywords:
Academic functioningAcademic performanceDelayed sleep–wake phase disorderInsomniaInsufficient sleepSleep disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Higher Education Research
  • Academic Psychology

Background:

  • Sleep disorders are common in college students, impacting academic performance.
  • Limited research has used clinical interviews to diagnose sleep disorders in students.
  • Academic functioning, such as class attendance, is often overlooked.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of sleep disorders in college students.
  • To examine the association between sleep disorders and academic performance and functioning.
  • To determine if clinical interviews improve sleep disorder assessment in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 277 college students for sleep questionnaires and a two-week sleep diary.
  • Conducted semi-structured clinical interviews for students at risk of sleep disorders.
  • Assessed academic performance (GPA) and functioning (class attendance, falling asleep in class).

Main Results:

  • 38.6% of students were at risk for sleep disorders; 24.8% met diagnostic criteria.
  • Students at risk or with sleep disorders missed more classes due to oversleeping and illness.
  • Students with sleep disorders also reported falling asleep in class more often.
  • No significant differences in GPA were found between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep disorder symptoms and diagnoses are linked to poorer academic functioning, not necessarily performance (GPA).
  • Clinical interviews provide a more comprehensive assessment of sleep disorders.
  • Early intervention for sleep disorders may improve college students' academic functioning.