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Demixing in Binary Mixtures with Differential Diffusivity at High Density.

Erin McCarthy1, Raj Kumar Manna1, Ojan Damavandi1

  • 1Department of Physics and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 15, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Differential diffusivity drives particle mixture demixing at high densities, but this phase separation disappears above packing fractions of unity, revealing re-entrant behavior. This finding is relevant for understanding cell sorting and tissue dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Spontaneous phase separation (demixing) is crucial for biological processes like cell sorting.
  • An ongoing question in particle-based models is whether differing particle diffusivities can induce demixing.
  • Previous studies showed differential diffusivity causes phase separation up to a packing fraction of 0.7.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if differential diffusivity can drive phase separation in particle mixtures at densities relevant to biological systems (packing fractions > 0.7).
  • To explore the phase behavior of particle mixtures at high densities, including packing fractions above unity.
  • To examine the role of entropy production in high-density phase separation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized particle-based simulations to model mixtures with varying diffusivities.
  • Investigated systems across a range of particle packing fractions, from 0.7 to above 1.0.
  • Employed a confluent Voronoi model to simulate tissue behavior.

Main Results:

  • Demixing was observed in particle mixtures for packing fractions between 0.7 and 1.0.
  • At packing fractions greater than unity, the system remained mixed, indicating a loss of phase separation.
  • The confluent Voronoi model for tissues did not exhibit phase separation, aligning with simulation findings.

Conclusions:

  • Differential diffusivity can induce phase separation in particle mixtures up to high densities (packing fraction of 1.0).
  • Re-entrant behavior is observed in the phase diagram, where phase separation ceases at densities above unity due to limitations on entropy production.
  • The findings suggest that simple particle models may not fully capture the complexities of cell sorting in dense biological tissues.