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Modelling the optimization of world-class 400 m and 1,500 m running performances using high-resolution data.

Antoine Le Hyaric1, Amandine Aftalion2, Brian Hanley3

  • 1Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL), CNRS, Inria, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modeling elite 400m and 1500m runners reveals energy system demands. A fast start is crucial for both, with the 400m heavily reliant on anaerobic energy and the 1500m benefiting from improved aerobic metabolism.

Keywords:
athleticsbendscoachingpacingtrack and field

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The 400m and 1500m track events significantly depend on both aerobic and anaerobic energy systems.
  • Understanding the interplay of these systems is crucial for optimizing performance in middle and long-distance running.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and simulate men's and women's 400m and 1500m championship performances.
  • To analyze key mechanical and physiological factors influencing running speed and bend running.
  • To investigate world-class athletes' instantaneous speeds, propulsive forces, and energy system contributions using high-resolution data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-resolution (10 Hz) live competition data.
  • Developed models to simulate performances of elite European Athletics champions (400m: Matthew Hudson-Smith, Femke Bol; 1500m: Jakob Ingebrigtsen, Gaia Sabbatini).
  • Analyzed instantaneous speeds, propulsive forces, and aerobic/anaerobic energy contributions.

Main Results:

  • Peak running speeds in both 400m and 1500m occur within the first ~50m due to fast oxygen kinetics.
  • 400m athletes experience continuous velocity decrease, with ~77% anaerobic contribution for both genders.
  • Improved aerobic metabolism significantly impacts 1500m performance, as seen in Gaia Sabbatini's faster races.

Conclusions:

  • Faster 400m times require minimizing velocity decrease through high VO2 and anaerobic contribution.
  • Jakob Ingebrigtsen's 1500m strategy involves a fast cruising pace, high sustained VO2, and significant anaerobic contribution, without a final sprint.
  • Coaches should prioritize anaerobic development for 400m athletes and consider energy system differences for 1500m pacing strategies.