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Benchmarking highly entangled states on a 60-atom analogue quantum simulator.

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This study benchmarks analogue quantum simulators by comparing their entanglement generation to classical algorithms. The findings show analogue systems are competitive with digital quantum devices in complex quantum states.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Atomic Physics
  • Quantum Simulation

Background:

  • Classical computers struggle to simulate highly entangled quantum states.
  • Fidelity comparisons have been limited to digital quantum devices.
  • Estimating entanglement content in experiments remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform fidelity benchmarking and entanglement estimation with a 60-atom analogue Rydberg quantum simulator.
  • To develop and demonstrate an estimator for experimental mixed-state entanglement.
  • To evaluate the performance of analogue quantum devices in the beyond-classically-exact regime.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 60-atom analogue Rydberg quantum simulator.
  • Developed an approximate classical algorithm for benchmarking.
  • Employed extrapolation from comparisons against the classical algorithm.
  • Demonstrated a novel estimator for mixed-state entanglement.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high-entanglement entropy regime where exact classical simulation is impractical.
  • The analogue quantum simulator demonstrated competitive fidelity with state-of-the-art digital quantum devices.
  • The novel classical algorithm matched the experimental performance.

Conclusions:

  • Established a new model for evaluating analogue and digital quantum devices' entanglement generation capabilities.
  • Highlighted the growing gap between quantum and classical computational power.
  • Demonstrated the potential of analogue quantum simulators in complex quantum state generation.