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Updated: Aug 24, 2026

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
Published on: June 28, 2018
Advances in sepsis biomarkers
Maximo J Marin1, Xander M R van Wijk2, Allison B Chambliss3
1Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Abstract:
Sepsis, a dysregulated host immune response to an infectious agent, significantly increases morbidity and mortality for hospitalized patients worldwide. This chapter reviews (1) the basic principles of infectious diseases, pathophysiology and current definition of sepsis, (2) established sepsis biomarkers such lactate, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein, (3) novel, newly regulatory-cleared/approved biomarkers, such as assays that evaluate white blood cell properties and immune response molecules, and (4) emerging biomarkers and biomarker panels to highlight future directions and opportunities in the diagnosis and management of sepsis.

