Laser Sources for Traditional and Spectral Flow Cytometry

Lasers for light scattering measurement and fluorescence excitation are essential components of all flow cytometers. Flow cytometers now typically rely on multiple laser wavelengths allowing excitation of a constantly increasing variety of fluorescent probes. The expanding use of spectral flow cytometry to increase the magnitude of multiparametric analysis is also changing the significance of laser choice in cytometry. In this chapter, we review the lasers available for flow cytometry and provide guidance in choosing laser wavelengths and characteristics to best match the needs of modern cell analysis by both conventional and spectral cytometry. We also discuss the recent advances in laser technology as the push to expand the palette of laser wavelength for cytometry continues.