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Laryngeal Hyposensitivity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Jacquelyn K Callander1, Nazineen Kandahari1, Madeleine P Strohl2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.

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|March 30, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to reduced laryngeal sensation, evidenced by a lower laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) response rate and faster LAR latency. These findings suggest impaired sensory function in OSA patients.

Keywords:
laryngeal adductor reflexlaryngeal sensationobstructive sleep apneapathophysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Impaired laryngopharyngeal sensation is a potential factor in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • The laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) is a key indicator of laryngeal sensory function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate laryngeal sensory function in adults with OSA.
  • To assess the laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) response rate and temporal profile in OSA patients.

Main Methods:

  • Laryngeal sensation testing was conducted on awake adults with and without OSA.
  • Tactile stimulation was applied to the medial aryepiglottic fold or arytenoid using monofilaments.
  • Video analysis assessed LAR presence and latency to vocal fold adduction.

Main Results:

  • OSA patients showed significantly lower LAR response rates compared to controls for both 4-0 (38.3% vs 86.9%) and 5-0 (27% vs 63.9%) stimulation.
  • Mean LAR latency was shorter in OSA patients (123.7 ms) than in controls (156.4 ms).
  • OSA LAR latency positively correlated with the apnea-hypopnea index, indicating a link to disease severity.

Conclusions:

  • The OSA group demonstrated reduced LAR response rates and shortened LAR latency.
  • Findings affirm laryngeal hyposensitivity and altered sensorimotor temporal dynamics in OSA.
  • Potential mechanisms include decreased receptor sensitivity, increased sympathetic tone, and altered brainstem function.