Systematic Review on the Relationship between Toxoplasmosis and Mental Disorders

Area of Science:

• Parasitology
• Neuroscience
• Psychiatry

Background:

• Toxoplasmosis, a global zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, can lead to severe illness in immunocompromised individuals and neonates.
• While often asymptomatic in healthy individuals, Toxoplasma gondii infection has been historically associated with various mental health conditions.

Approach:

• A systematic review analyzed the correlation between Toxoplasma gondii exposure (IgG presence) and mental disorders in adults and minors.
• The review also examined proposed etiopathogenic mechanisms and evaluated current infection surveillance, prevention, and control systems.

Key Points:

• Parasite cysts and reactivation trigger immune and inflammatory responses, potentially affecting neurotransmitters.
• These biological mechanisms, combined with genetic and environmental factors, may predispose individuals to psychiatric disorders.
• The study found a potential association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and compulsive disorder in adults.

Conclusions:

• No definitive conclusions could be drawn regarding childhood and adolescent mental disorders due to study limitations.
• The findings highlight a possible link between Toxoplasma gondii and specific adult mental health conditions.
• Enhanced integrated surveillance, control measures, and widespread prevention strategies are recommended for the general population.