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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2025

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
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A Direct-Digital 40 A 100 kb/s Intracardiac Communication Receiver With 250 s Startup Time for Low Duty-Cycle

Adrian Ryser, Christof Baeriswyl, Michel Moser

    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems
    |April 17, 2024
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    Summary

    This study introduces a power-saving method for dual-chamber leadless pacemakers (LLPMs) using synchronous duty-cycling. This technique significantly reduces energy consumption, potentially extending pacemaker longevity and patient outcomes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Implantable Medical Devices
    • Low-Power Electronics

    Background:

    • Dual-chamber leadless pacemakers (LLPMs) offer advanced cardiac rhythm management.
    • Current LLPM synchronization relies on continuous conductive intracardiac communication (CIC), leading to high power drain.
    • Excessive power consumption reduces projected device longevity, necessitating frequent replacements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a power-optimized synchronization strategy for dual-chamber LLPMs.
    • To design and evaluate a novel low-power direct-digital CIC (DD-CIC) receiver.
    • To demonstrate significant reductions in current consumption for improved device longevity.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed synchronous duty-cycling of CIC transceivers.
    • Developed a novel low-power DD-CIC receiver using Manchester-encoded data.
    • Fabricated the receiver in 180 nm CMOS technology for performance analysis.
    • Tested sensitivity, current consumption, and startup time under duty-cycled operation.

    Main Results:

    • The DD-CIC receiver achieved a sensitivity of 81.67.4 µV at 100 kb/s.
    • Active current consumption was measured at 39.10.6 µA with a startup time under 250 µs.
    • The proposed synchronization strategy reduced average current consumption to 73 nA.
    • A 25-45% reduction in projected device longevity was observed with continuous CIC.

    Conclusions:

    • Synchronous duty-cycling is a promising strategy for power-optimized CIC-based implant synchronization.
    • This approach can significantly reduce the current consumption of dual-chamber LLPMs.
    • Increased device longevity may decrease the need for costly and risky re-interventions.