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Case Series and Review of Literature for Superior Vena Cava Injury During Laser Lead Extraction
Efehi Igbinomwanhia1, Sania Jiwani2, Saima Karim1
1Heart and Vascular Institute, MetroHealth Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, 2500 Metrohealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA.
Abstract:
Transvenous laser lead extraction poses a risk of major complications (0.19%-1.8%), notably injury to the superior vena cava (SVC) in 0.19% to 0.96% of cases. Various factors contribute to SVC injury, which can be categorized as patient-related (such as female gender, low body mass index, diabetes, renal problems, anemia, and reduced ejection fraction), device-related (including the number, dwell time, and type of leads), or procedural-related (such as reason for extraction, venous obstructions, and bilateral lead placements).
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